The Italian government has approved a new and stricter immigration bill that could significantly change how the country manages migrant arrivals. The proposal was endorsed by Italy’s Council of Ministers and now moves to parliament, where both chambers must approve it before it becomes law.
This bill introduces tougher border controls, new limits on family reunification, stricter rules for residence permits, and the possibility of a naval blockade in the Mediterranean. Supporters say it will strengthen national security and better manage migration. Critics warn that it could increase risks for migrants and create legal and humanitarian concerns.
The Proposed Naval Blockade Explained
One of the most debated parts of the bill is the planned naval blockade. If approved, the Italian government would have the authority to block vessels from entering Italy’s territorial waters for 30 days. This measure could be renewed and extended for up to six months.
According to the draft law, the blockade could be introduced in situations of “exceptional migratory pressure” that threaten border management or during international public health emergencies. Italy has previously declared states of emergency in response to large migrant arrivals, especially on the island of Lampedusa, which is one of the main entry points from North Africa.
In practical terms, this blockade would affect migrant boats traveling across the central Mediterranean and humanitarian rescue ships operated by NGOs. If vessels ignore the blockade, the penalties would be severe. Fines could range from €10,000 to €50,000 for operators and shipowners. Repeat violations could lead to the confiscation of the vessel.
The bill also allows migrants on blocked ships to be transferred to third countries that have agreements with Italy. These agreements would include arrangements for reception, assistance, detention, and possible repatriation. This provision could increase the number of migrants sent to Italy’s controversial processing centers in Albania, an initiative previously announced by the government.
Italy already works closely with the EU border agency Frontex, and the new bill would strengthen that cooperation at Italian borders.
Stricter Rules for Family Reunification and Protection
Beyond border controls, the bill introduces tighter conditions for migrants who want to bring family members to Italy. The government argues that the changes are necessary to prevent abuse of the system and ensure that only people in genuinely vulnerable situations can benefit.
The draft also revises the rules for complementary protection. This type of residence permit is granted to people who do not qualify for full asylum under international law but still face serious risks if they return to their home country.
On the other hand, under the new proposal, applicants would need to meet four clear conditions. They must have lived legally in Italy for at least five years. They must show certified knowledge of the Italian language. They must have suitable housing that meets health and safety standards. Finally, they must demonstrate financial stability similar to what is required for family reunification.
The bill also expands the grounds for expulsion. Judges would find it easier to order the removal of foreign nationals convicted of certain crimes, including violence or threats against public officials, crimes against family members, or participation in riots at Repatriation Detention Centers (CPRs). In some cases, even EU citizens could face removal under stricter legal conditions.
Government Support and Public Criticism
Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni defended the bill in a public video message, stating that it fulfills a promise to protect national security and control Italy’s borders during times of exceptional pressure. She urged parliament to approve the bill quickly and suggested that opposition criticism may be ideologically motivated.
However, several humanitarian organizations have strongly criticized the proposal. NGOs such as SOS Humanity, Sea-Watch, Mediterranea Saving Humans, and Doctors Without Borders argue that restricting rescue ships could lead to more deaths at sea. The Mediterranean route is already considered one of the world’s deadliest migration routes, according to data from the International Organization for Migration.
Legal experts have also raised concerns. Judge Silvia Albano of Rome stated in an interview with the Italian newspaper La Stampa that a naval blockade would only be legally justified under truly exceptional circumstances. International maritime law and the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights prohibit collective pushbacks at sea, meaning that migrants cannot simply be turned away without proper legal assessment.
What Happens Next?
At this stage, the immigration bill is still a proposal. For it to become law, both houses of the Italian parliament must approve it. The debate is expected to be intense, as immigration has long been one of the most sensitive political issues in Italy and across Europe.
Italy remains one of the main entry points into the European Union for migrants crossing from North Africa, particularly from Tunisia and Libya. The outcome of this legislation could influence not only Italy’s migration system but also broader EU discussions about border management and asylum reform.
Whether the bill becomes law or is modified during parliamentary debate, it clearly marks another strong step in Italy’s shift toward stricter migration policies.